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Harry A. Millis
Harry Alvin Millis (May 14, 1873 — June 25, 1948) was an American civil servant, economist, and educator and who was prominent in the first four decades of the 20th century. He was a prominent educator,〔"Dr. H.A. Millis Dies," ''New York Times,.'' June 26, 1948.〕 and his writings on labor relations were described at his death by several prominent economists as "landmarks".〔Brown, et al., "Harry Alvin Millis, 1873-1948," ''American Economic Review,'' June 1949, p. 745.〕 Millis is best known for serving on the "first" National Labor Relations Board, an executive-branch agency which had no statutory authority.〔Morris, ''The Blue Eagle at Work,'' 2004, p. 21.〕 He was also the second chairman of the "second" National Labor Relations Board, where he initiated a number of procedural improvements and helped stabilize the Board's enforcement of American labor law.〔〔("Milestones" ''Time,'' July 5, 1948. )〕
==Early life==
Millis was born in May 1873 in Paoli, Indiana.〔"Personal Notes," ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,'' January 1904, p. 141.〕〔Edwards, "Millis Picked to Head NLRB, Capital Hears," ''Chicago Daily Tribune,'' November 15, 1940.〕 He attended and graduated from Paoli High School.〔 He was heavily involved in athletics in his youth.〔Brown, et al., "Harry Alvin Millis, 1873-1948," ''American Economic Review,'' June 1949, p. 743.〕 He enrolled at Indiana University, receiving his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1895 and his Master of Arts in finance in 1896.〔〔〔(Nilan and Bartholomew, "No More 'The Naughty Professor': Thorstein Veblen at Stanford," ''Sandstone and Tile,'' Spring/Summer 2007, p. 17. )〕 He was the first graduate student of John R. Commons, the renowned institutional economist.〔〔Lichtenstein, ''Walter Reuther: The Most Dangerous Man in Detroit,'' 1997, p. 149.〕 Millis entered the sociology program at the University of Chicago in 1896 but in 1898 he switched to the economics program and received his Ph.D. in economics in 1899.〔〔〔"Educational Notes and News," ''School and Society,'' August 5, 1916, p. 217.〕
From 1899 to 1902 he was reference librarian at the John Crerar Library, a then-independent, privately owned public library focusing on research and teaching in science, medicine, and technology.〔 In 1901, he married the former Alice May Schoff.〔''Current Biography,'' 1940, p. 586.〕 The couple had three children: a son, John, and two daughters, Savilla and Charlotte.〔 Alice received her Bachelor of Laws from the University of Cincinnati and her Master of Philosophy from the University of Michigan.〔''The Michigan Alumnus,'' 1955, p. 34.〕 He left his position at Crerar Library in 1902 to become professor of economics and sociology at the University of Arkansas.〔〔〔"Millis, NLRB Ex-Chairman, Dies in Chicago," ''Washington Post,'' June 26, 1948.〕 He taught there for only two years. He joined the faculty at Stanford University in 1904 after being appointed assistant professor of economics.〔〔〔 While at Stanford, he became friends with the controversial economist Thorstein Veblen, and helped Veblen and his wife find housing at the college.〔 While at Stanford, he met and became friends with the nationally known economists Edwin Robert Anderson Seligman and Thomas Sewall Adams, and in 1907 co-founded the National Tax Association (a nonpartisan organization that fosters the study of tax theory, tax policy, and other areas of public finance).〔Brown, et al., "Harry Alvin Millis, 1873-1948," ''American Economic Review,'' June 1949, p. 744.〕 In 1908, he published the article "Business and Professional Taxes as Sources of Local Revenue" in the ''Journal of Political Economy.''〔Millis, H.A. "Business and Professional Taxes as Sources of Local Revenue." ''Journal of Political Economy.'' 16:2 (February 1908).〕 The article made the case for taxes on professionals and businesses as a means of broadening the tax base and avoiding over-reliance on property taxes.〔Brown, et al., "Harry Alvin Millis, 1873-1948," ''American Economic Review,'' June 1949, p. 744-745.〕 Simeon E. Leland, Dean of the College of Liberal Arts at Northwestern University and chair of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, later said it was a landmark in the study of state tax issues and anticipated the later, better-known work by Seligman and Adams.〔 Millis left Stanford in 1911 and in the fall of 1912 joined the economics department at the University of Kansas.〔〔〔〔"New Teachers," ''The Graduate Magazine of the University of Kansas,'' October 1912, p. 12.〕
Millis joined the Department of Economics at the University of Chicago in the fall of 1916 as an assistant professor of economics.〔〔〔 He was appointed chair of the department in 1928, and became Professor Emeritus in 1938 at the age of 65.〔〔 He became associated with the "institutional economics" school, whose foremost proponents were then primarily teaching at the University of Chicago.〔van Overtveldt, ''The Chicago School: How the University of Chicago Assembled the Thinkers Who Revolutionized Economics and Business,'' 2007, p. 128.〕 Between 1938 and 1945, he and Royal E. Montgomery of Cornell University co-wrote a three-volume study titled ''The Economics of Labor.'' At the time of his death, a group of prominent economists called it "the most authoritative and comprehensive analysis of modern labor economics for the period covered."〔 He followed this with ''How Collective Bargaining Works'' in 1942, a text which set the pattern for case studies in the field of industrial relations.〔
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